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[PDF] New Formulation for Neem Pesticide in the 21st CenturyFile Format: PDF/Adobe Acrobat -
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     Brief Overview of Neem Oil Based Organic Pesticides
                               www.PlanetaVerdeMarAzul.org
                              www.Green Planet Blue Sea.com
                              The Official Website for Maya Neem Farms, Yucatan, Mexico

                                  A Model Neem Plantation in Progress for Profitable,
                                  Integrated, Sustainable and Ecologically Balanced
                            Rural Development, Renewable Land, Sea and Water Use,
                                                      and Resource Conservation
Why Neem? Because Neem does not kill outright like chemical (petroleum mainly) based pesticides.
The bugs and plant plagues that decimate crops, ornamental shrubs, and trees (commercially grown
and otherwise) die off because the application, and in some cases, even the presence of Neem
growing nearby will cause sufficient changes in their feeding and reproductive habits that they die
off without multiplying, thus limiting damage and the potential of their various species to remain or
return to attack valuable crops.

Thus far there is little or no scientific evidence exists to suggest that pests will adapt and/or become
resistant to Neem, unlike traditional or other commercially available products which also, besides
their increasingly expensive cost, contaminate the soil, contribute to soil loss, kill all of the good and
necessary life in the soil, and leech into under ground aqua firs.

As a side note and with reference to the above: Western scientists are now  finding that derivatives
of Neem´s main active ingredients (there are at least 25) are effective in killing Malarial parasites in
some of the most virulent and dangerous strains which were or have become resistant to traditional
Western pharmaceutical treatments. Closer to home, Neem has also been shown to function as a
prophylactic against the Dengue Fever virus. More research is obviously needed and is ongoing in
the west as well as a more thorough and ongoing  review of existing knowledge, research, and
clinical experience, for over 4,000 years by Ayurvedic medical practitioners in India and other
locations. Please see below and also our in-progress, Links Pages for further references.

In the Yucatán, the government has recently passed restrictions on the use of non-organic,
petroleum-based pesticides and fertilizers anywhere near tourist areas(including golf courses,
schools, or the beaches and sea. Basically, as well, anywhere with a greater chance of those
chemicals finding their way into the Yucatán´s vast underground aqua fir, only organic products will
be allowed. A step in the right direction and Neem is already leading the way in halting and
reversing years of degradation and contamination have caused by the wholesales use of non-organic
products.

For investors and growers interested in profiting by supporting ecologically viable and sustainable
resource use and conservation, the implications should be obvious. We will return to continue this
discussion soon. Meantime, please take the time to begin, if you have not already, to acquaint
yourself with the resources available on this still fledgling site (including below and on our links
pages) and in increasing numbers on the Internet.

Specific facts about Neem Pesticides from the Neem Foundation of India:

WHICH TYPES OF CROPS ARE BEST SUITED FOR TREATMENT WITH NEEM INSECTICIDES?
Neem extracts are particularly suitable for use on vegetables and small scale field crops. If sufficient
water and sprayers are available it is also possible to treat larger fields.

HOW DOES NEEM WORK, WHAT IS THE MODE OF ACTION AND HOW DOES IT AFFECT
INSECTS?
Numerous insect species are repelled by active ingredients in the Neem seed. As they find the taste
and smell unpleasant they avoid the plants that have been treated with Neem extracts. Other insects
die some time after having eaten leaves or other parts of the plant treated with these substances.
They alter the behaviour in some insects or reduce their ability to lay eggs. Other pest species are
affected minimally or not at all by the Neem substances, probably as a result of their hidden biology.

HOW IS THE NEEM INSECTICIDE APPLIED TO THE PLANTS?
The Neem extract can be applied in two ways: When using a sprayer, the rough particles must first
be filtered out of the mixture to prevent clogging the nozzle. This is done by covering a bucket or
similar container with a coarse cloth or gauze through which the mixture is poured. The sprayer is
filled with the filtered solution and spraying of the vegetable crops can begin.

If no sprayer is available the extract may be applied with a straw brush. In this case, it need not be
filtered. A brush made with fine, flexible straw is simply dipped into the solution and shaken over
the plants until all the leaves are moistened. The effect of the Neem substance lasts between 3 to 6
days, regardless of how it was applied.(back to top)

HOW OFTEN DOES NEEM HAVE TO BE APPLIED?
If and when spraying is necessary depends very much on the individual case and this can only be
decided by the farmers or the appointed adviser. In general, it may be said that in areas of vegetable
cultivation, where pests are a great problem, weekly spraying is necessary. If, on the other hand,
infestation is only slight, treatments in intervals of 10 to 14 days are adequate. Often a single
treatment of the plants is sufficient. Just as with chemical insecticides, the insect species and crop
are important factors in deciding how often spraying should occur. According to scientific research
the extract is not poisonous for humans, thus, it is not necessary to wait long between final spraying
and harvesting.

WHICH PESTS CAN BE CONTROLLED WITH NEEM?
The Neem extract does not have the same effect on all insect species. Some pest groups can be easily
controlled. The feeding behaviour of other groups may be influenced or their ability to reproduce
impaired, but this does not prevent direct damage to the plants. Some insects react minimally or not
at all to the extracts.

Given below you will find more detailed information on the reactions of pests of Neem extracts. It is
important to note, however, that this is not intended as a precise description of the effects of Neem
extracts but as a guide which gives the user advice as to which pests may be controlled by
application of Neem.

HOW CAN NEEM POWDER HELP TO CONTROL STEM BORERS ON YOUNG PLANTS?
Stem borers on young corn and sorghum plants can be controlled relatively easily with crushed Neem
seeds (the powder normally used to mix with water). A small amount of powder mixed with sawdust
or dry clay at a ration of 1:1 is placed in the funnel. 1 kg powder should be sufficient for 1500 - 2000
plants.

In this method, rainwater dissolves the substances in the Neem seeds as it gathers in the funnel and
washes out the powder. Where rainfall is irregular a liquid Neem seed extract can be sprayed into
the funnel.

This treatment should be repeated every 8 to 10 days during the sensitive growing phase. Thus,
roughly three treatments are sufficient for protection against stem borers. This recommendation
applies only for young plants before flowering and not for older plants.

WHAT IS THE ROLE OF NEEM IN GRAIN STORAGE?
Stored grain legumes can easily be infested with bruchids. These are small beetles whose larvae eat
into the grain. The bruchids can be controlled simply by mixing the legumes with Neem oil.

Neem oil is extracted from the Neem seed kernels (oil content 40 – 50%). When used for storage
protection it should be carefully pressed, either by machine or various other traditional methods. As
only a very small amount of oil (30 ml oil per 100 kg grain) is required, pressing by hand is
practicable. The seeds must first be shelled, by cracking the shells with a stone or gently pounding in
a mortar and finally by winnowing to remove the shell particles.

If the crushed seeds are very hard and brittle they should be moistened and left to stand for several
hours until they can be pressed together by hand. Crushing the seeds in a mill or mortar produces a
rough, sticky mixture out of which can be pressed by kneading. Usually it is necessary to add a little
water to make kneading easier.

By alternating kneading and pressing of the paste in a bowl the Neem oil is released. Using this
method it is possible to extract 150 ml oil from 1 kg powder. The legume seeds are treated with Neem
oil extracted in the following manner: The appropriate amount of Neem oil is mixed with the legume
seeds in a large bowl or similar container (3 ml per 1 kg grain); then the seeds may be stored in the
usual way.

Neem oil is non-poisonous but very bitter, thus freshly treated legumes taste at first very sharp. This
taste disappears, however, after 3 to 4 weeks.(back to top)
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